Hence, there are two different conceptions of art in aesthetics: art as knowledge or art as action, but aesthetics is neither epistemology nor ethics.Īestheticians compare historical developments with theoretical approaches to the arts of many periods.
#Baumgarten aesthetics english free#
the etymology of aesthetics) and art is as such free of any moral or political purpose. Art is an autonomous entity for philosophy, because art deals with the senses (i. Philosophical aesthetics has not only to speak about art and to produce judgments about art works, but also has to give a definition of what art is. In practice, aesthetic judgement refers to the sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object (not necessarily an art object), while artistic judgement refers to the recognition, appreciation or criticism of art or an art work. even though his later definition in the fragment Aesthetica (1750) is more often referred to as the first definition of modern aesthetics.Īesthetics is for the artist as Ornithology is for the birds.įor some, aesthetics is considered a synonym for the philosophy of art since Hegel, while others insist that there is a significant distinction between these closely related fields.
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Aesthetics, a not very tidy intellectual discipline, is a heterogeneous collection of problems that concern the arts primarily but also relate to nature. The term “aesthetics” was appropriated and coined with new meaning by the German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten in his dissertation Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus (“Philosophical considerations of some matters pertaining the poem”) in 1735, Baumgarten chose “aesthetics” because he wished to emphasize the experience of art as a means of knowing. The word aesthetic is derived from the Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthetikos, meaning “esthetic, sensitive, sentient, pertaining to sense perception”), which in turn was derived from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai, meaning “I perceive, feel, sense” and related to αἴσθησις (aisthēsis, “sensation”). In modern English, the term aesthetic can also refer to a set of principles underlying the works of a particular art movement or theory: one speaks, for example, of the Cubist aesthetic. More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as “critical reflection on art, culture and nature”. It also studies how they feel about art-why they like some works and not others, and how art can affect their moods, beliefs, and attitude toward life.
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Aesthetics studies how artists imagine, create and perform works of art how people use, enjoy, and criticize art and what happens in their minds when they look at paintings, listen to music, or read poetry, and understand what they see and hear. In its more technical epistemological perspective, it is defined as the study of subjective and sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.